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Inadequate and insensitive behaviors from providers can be re-traumatizing and exacerbate the pain for the client (Courtois & Gold, 2009).

It is imperative for service providers to remember that trauma can affect the individual’s way of learning, thinking, feeling, and the ability to remember. Therefore, in order to work with survivors of trauma, such as FGM/C, a safe space must be created (Bloom, 1999).

A trauma-informed approach is defined as an intervention “in which service delivery is influenced by an understanding of the impact of interpersonal violence and victimization on an individual’s life and development (Elliot et al., 2005, p.462).

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